How to Wow with R

# How to Wow with R
## *A brief introduction generating satisfying outputs*

### by Matthew Suderman (slide credits: Luke McGuinness)

---

## Topics

- Create __beautiful plots__ with `ggplot2`

- __Literate programming__ with `Rmarkdown`

- Build __interactive apps__ with `shiny`

- __Share your work__ as a package

---

# Pretty plots: <br> Intro to `ggplot2`

---

# ggplot2

A package to create __highly customisable publication-ready plots__

Key elements:

* .bold[aesthetic]: what you want to graph (e.g. x, y, colours, etc)

* .bold[geom]: how you want to graph it (e.g. scatterplot, histogram)

* .bold[options]: optional titles, themes, etc.

---

## The `bmi2` dataset
The dataset used for the following graphics contains 200 observations across the following six variables:

|id|age|bmi|sex|diet|status|
|----|
|1|78.2|29.3|Male  |Good|Unhealthy|
|2|48.5|33.0|Female|Good|Unhealthy|
|3|79.5|31.5|Female|Good|Unhealthy|
|4|78.5|28.1|Male  |Poor|Healthy|

Load a copy of the dataset to follow along:

```r
df <- read.csv("https://tinyurl.com/bmi2dat")
## https://perishky.github.io/r/how-to-wow/bmi2.csv
```

---

```r
*ggplot(data = df)
```
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<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas_1-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
*aes(x = age)
```
]]
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<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas_2-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = age) +
*aes(y = bmi)
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas_3-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = age) +
aes(y = bmi) +
*geom_point()
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas_4-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = age) +
aes(y = bmi) +
geom_point() +
*aes(colour = sex)
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas_5-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = age) +
aes(y = bmi) +
geom_point() +
aes(colour = sex) +
*geom_smooth(
* method = "lm", 
* se = F)
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas_6-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = age) +
aes(y = bmi) +
geom_point() +
aes(colour = sex) +
geom_smooth(
  method = "lm", 
  se = F) +
*scale_color_manual(
* values = c("blue","purple"))
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas_8-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = age) +
aes(y = bmi) +
geom_point() +
aes(colour = sex) +
geom_smooth(
  method = "lm", 
  se = F) +
scale_color_manual(
  values = c("blue","purple")) +
*ylim(c(15, 35))
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas_9-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = age) +
aes(y = bmi) +
geom_point() +
aes(colour = sex) +
geom_smooth(
  method = "lm", 
  se = F) +
scale_color_manual(
  values = c("blue","purple")) +
ylim(c(15, 35)) +
*labs(
* x = "Age",
* y = "Body Mass Index (BMI)",
* colour = "")
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas_12-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = age) +
aes(y = bmi) +
geom_point() +
aes(colour = sex) +
geom_smooth(
  method = "lm", 
  se = F) +
scale_color_manual(
  values = c("blue","purple")) +
ylim(c(15, 35)) +
labs(
  x = "Age",
  y = "Body Mass Index (BMI)",
  colour = "") +
*labs(title = "BMI by Age")
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas_13-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = age) +
aes(y = bmi) +
geom_point() +
aes(colour = sex) +
geom_smooth(
  method = "lm", 
  se = F) +
scale_color_manual(
  values = c("blue","purple")) +
ylim(c(15, 35)) +
labs(
  x = "Age",
  y = "Body Mass Index (BMI)",
  colour = "") +
labs(title = "BMI by Age") +
*labs(subtitle = "Colour indicates sex")
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas_14-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
*ggplot(data = df)
```
]]
.pull-right[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas8_1-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
*aes(x = age)
```
]]
.pull-right[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas8_2-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = age) +
*aes(y = bmi)
```
]]
.pull-right[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas8_3-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = age) +
aes(y = bmi) +
*geom_point()
```
]]
.pull-right[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas8_4-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = age) +
aes(y = bmi) +
geom_point() +
*geom_smooth(
* method = "lm", 
* se = F)
```
]]
.pull-right[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas8_5-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = age) +
aes(y = bmi) +
geom_point() +
geom_smooth(
  method = "lm", 
  se = F) +
*theme_bw()
```
]]
.pull-right[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas8_6-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = age) +
aes(y = bmi) +
geom_point() +
geom_smooth(
  method = "lm", 
  se = F) +
theme_bw() +
*theme_void()
```
]]
.pull-right[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas8_7-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = age) +
aes(y = bmi) +
geom_point() +
geom_smooth(
  method = "lm", 
  se = F) +
theme_bw() +
theme_void() +
*theme_classic()
```
]]
.pull-right[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas8_8-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = age) +
aes(y = bmi) +
geom_point() +
geom_smooth(
  method = "lm", 
  se = F) +
theme_bw() +
theme_void() +
theme_classic() +
*ggthemes::theme_economist()
```
]]
.pull-right[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas8_9-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = age) +
aes(y = bmi) +
geom_point() +
geom_smooth(
  method = "lm", 
  se = F) +
theme_bw() +
theme_void() +
theme_classic() +
ggthemes::theme_economist() +
*ggthemes::theme_stata()
```
]]
.pull-right[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas8_10-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
*ggplot(data = df)
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas2_1-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
*aes(x = status)
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas2_2-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = status) +
*geom_histogram(stat = "count")
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas2_3-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = status) +
geom_histogram(stat = "count") +
*aes(fill = diet)
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas2_4-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = status) +
geom_histogram(stat = "count") +
aes(fill = diet) +
*labs(fill = "Diet status")
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas2_5-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = status) +
geom_histogram(stat = "count") +
aes(fill = diet) +
labs(fill = "Diet status") +
*labs(
* title = "Number of people by status",
* subtitle = "Colour indicates diet",
* x = "Status",
* y = "Number of people")
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas2_9-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = status) +
geom_histogram(stat = "count") +
aes(fill = diet) +
labs(fill = "Diet status") +
labs(
  title = "Number of people by status",
  subtitle = "Colour indicates diet", 
  x = "Status", 
  y = "Number of people") +
*theme(
* axis.title=element_text(colour="red"))
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas2_10-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = status) +
geom_histogram(stat = "count") +
aes(fill = diet) +
labs(fill = "Diet status") +
labs(
  title = "Number of people by status",
  subtitle = "Colour indicates diet", 
  x = "Status", 
  y = "Number of people") +
theme(
  axis.title=element_text(colour="red"))+
*theme(legend.position = "bottom")
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas2_11-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = status) +
geom_histogram(stat = "count") +
aes(fill = diet) +
labs(fill = "Diet status") +
labs(
  title = "Number of people by status",
  subtitle = "Colour indicates diet", 
  x = "Status", 
  y = "Number of people") +
theme(
  axis.title=element_text(colour="red"))+
theme(legend.position = "bottom") +
*theme(panel.grid = element_blank())
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas2_12-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = status) +
geom_histogram(stat = "count") +
aes(fill = diet) +
labs(fill = "Diet status") +
labs(
  title = "Number of people by status",
  subtitle = "Colour indicates diet", 
  x = "Status", 
  y = "Number of people") +
theme(
  axis.title=element_text(colour="red"))+
theme(legend.position = "bottom") +
theme(panel.grid = element_blank()) +
*theme(
* panel.background=element_rect(fill="black"))
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas2_13-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

```r
ggplot(data = df) +
aes(x = status) +
geom_histogram(stat = "count") +
aes(fill = diet) +
labs(fill = "Diet status") +
labs(
  title = "Number of people by status",
  subtitle = "Colour indicates diet", 
  x = "Status", 
  y = "Number of people") +
theme(
  axis.title=element_text(colour="red"))+
theme(legend.position = "bottom") +
theme(panel.grid = element_blank()) +
theme(
  panel.background=element_rect(fill="black")) +
*theme(title = element_text(size = 20))
```
]]
.pull-right-40[.content.center[
<img src="data:image/png;base64,#index_files/figure-html/output_christmas2_14-1.png" width="100%" />
]]

---

# Virtually endless customisability

Plots on previous slides are __only a taster__

Can make __any plot you can think up__

__Key resources__, all open-source:

* [`ggplot2` documentionation and cheatsheet](https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/) - great starting point.

* ["Data visualisation"](https://socviz.co/) by Kieran Healy - great introductory text on the science of data visualization, with examples in R.

* [Tidy Tuesday](https://github.com/rfordatascience/tidytuesday) - weekly community-run visualization exercise